American white oak is one of the most popular species from the U.S. hardwood forests in export markets – and is unique to North America.
Quercus species, mainly Q. alba
northern white oak, southern white oak
White oak trees grow exclusively in North America and are widely distributed throughout most of the eastern United States in mixed hardwood forests. As with red oak there are many sub-species, all within the white oak classification, and together form the most common species group accounting for about 33% of the American hardwood resource. The trees are tall and easily identified by their rounded leaf form, turning brown in the fall. White oaks also grow from north to south; some high in the mountains and others on low land giving rise to different characteristics. Thus there are significant variations in white oaks depending on location, in particular between the slower grown northern and faster grown southern trees. As with red oaks, they are regarded as sustainable for both domestic andexport consumption.
FIA data shows U.S. white oak growing stock is 2.26 billion m3, 15.5% of total U.S. hardwood growing stock. American white oak is growing 40.1 million m3 per year while the harvest is 20.1 million m3 per year. The net volume (after harvest) is increasing 20.0 million m3 each year. U.S. white oak growth exceeds harvest in all major supplying states.
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undefined | / | 325 | 11600 | 0.352 | / | 0.000419 | 0.443 | 0.00000253 |
undefined | 98.3 | 1480 | 1550 | 0.55 | 0.000811 | 0.0262 | 1.56 | 0.000063 |
undefined | -148 | 845 | 2350 | 0.269 | 0.000166 | 0.00547 | 0.192 | 0.000229 |
undefined | 68.9 | 953 | 15.4 | 0.317 | 0.000485 | 0.00809 | 0.398 | 0.0000417 |
undefined | 249 | 3320 | 50 | 3.89 | 0.00114 | 0.0722 | 2.99 | 0.000139 |
undefined | -3200 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
undefined | -2930 | 6920 | 15600 | 5.38 | 0.00261 | 0.112 | 5.58 | 0.000475 |
White oak from the USA is readily available as sawn lumber and veneer, in a wide range of grades and sizes. Due to lengthy drying times not all suppliers offer thicker lumber stock (10/4" & 12/4") but it is available in limited volumes. In the north the sapwood tends to be less than in the south where, due to the shorter growing season, the wood is grown faster with more open grain and texture. White oak may be sold on the basis of 'northern' and 'southern', but this may be an over-simplification of the differences according to growing location.
American white oaks have excellent overall strength properties relative to weight, making them a preferred hardwood species for structural applications. The wood is hard and relatively heavy with good bending strength and compression strength but lower in stiffness. Structural testing carried out in Europe confirms that the white oak has greater inherent fibre strength than European oak. It has excellent steam bending capability. Being hard, stable when dry and easy to finish and stain, it is highly popular for furniture and flooring, especially in export markets.
To find out more about the mechanical properties of white oak read the full structural guide.
This sustainably managed wood from natural forests of North America, with excellent environmental credentials, is a key species in many export markets. Its main uses are in furniture, flooring, doors, architectural joinery and mouldings and kitchen cabinets. It is also used in certain applications for construction, including structural glue-laminated beams, and other specialist applications.